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David’s Campaign against the Ammonites
19 Later King Nahash of the Ammonites died and his son succeeded him. 2 David said, “I will express my loyalty[a] to Hanun son of Nahash, for his father was loyal[b] to me.” So David sent messengers to express his sympathy over his father’s death.[c] When David’s servants entered Ammonite territory to visit Hanun and express the king’s sympathy,[d] 3 the Ammonite officials said to Hanun, “Do you really think David is trying to honor your father by sending these messengers to express his sympathy?[e] No, his servants have come to you so they can get information and spy out the land!”[f] 4 So Hanun seized David’s servants and shaved their beards off.[g] He cut off the lower part of their robes so that their buttocks were exposed[h] and then sent them away. 5 People[i] came and told David what had happened to the men, so he sent messengers to meet them, for the men were thoroughly humiliated. The king said, “Stay in Jericho until your beards grow again; then you may come back.”
6 When the Ammonites realized that David was disgusted with them,[j] Hanun and the Ammonites sent 1,000 talents[k] of silver to hire chariots and charioteers from Aram Naharaim, Aram Maacah, and Zobah.[l] 7 They hired 32,000 chariots, along with the king of Maacah and his army, who came and camped in front of Medeba. The Ammonites also assembled from their cities and marched out to do battle.
8 When David heard the news, he sent Joab and the entire army to meet them.[m] 9 The Ammonites marched out and were deployed for battle at the entrance to the city, while the kings who had come were by themselves in the field. 10 When Joab saw that the battle would be fought on two fronts, he chose some of Israel’s best men and deployed them against the Arameans.[n] 11 He put his brother Abishai in charge of the rest of the army and they were deployed against the Ammonites. 12 Joab[o] said, “If the Arameans start to overpower me,[p] you come to my rescue. If the Ammonites start to overpower you,[q] I will come to your rescue. 13 Be strong! Let’s fight bravely for the sake of our people and the cities of our God! The Lord will do what he decides is best!”[r] 14 So Joab and his men[s] marched toward the Arameans to do battle, and they fled before him. 15 When the Ammonites saw the Arameans flee, they fled before Joab’s[t] brother Abishai and withdrew into the city. Joab went back to Jerusalem.
16 When the Arameans realized they had been defeated by Israel, they sent for reinforcements from beyond the Euphrates River,[u] led by Shophach the commanding general of Hadadezer’s army.[v] 17 When David was informed, he gathered all Israel, crossed the Jordan River,[w] and marched against them.[x] David deployed his army against the Arameans for battle and they fought against him.[y] 18 The Arameans fled before Israel. David killed 7,000[z] Aramean charioteers and 40,000 infantrymen; he also killed Shophach[aa] the commanding general. 19 When Hadadezer’s subjects saw they were defeated by Israel, they made peace with David and became his subjects. The Arameans were no longer willing to help the Ammonites.
20 In the spring, at the time when kings normally conduct wars,[ab] Joab led the army into battle and devastated the land of the Ammonites. He went and besieged Rabbah, while David stayed in Jerusalem. Joab defeated Rabbah and tore it down. 2 David took the crown from the head of their king[ac] and wore it[ad] (its weight was a talent[ae] of gold and it was set with precious stones). He took a large amount of plunder from the city. 3 He removed the city’s residents and made them labor with saws, iron picks, and axes.[af] This was his policy[ag] with all the Ammonite cities. Then David and all the army returned to Jerusalem.
Battles with the Philistines
4 Later there was a battle[ah] with the Philistines in Gezer.[ai] At that time Sibbekai the Hushathite killed Sippai,[aj] one of the descendants of the Rephaim, and the Philistines[ak] were subdued.
5 There was another battle with the Philistines in which Elhanan son of Jair the Bethlehemite killed the brother of Goliath the Gittite,[al] whose spear had a shaft as big as the crossbeam of a weaver’s loom.[am]
6 In a battle in Gath[an] there was a large man who had six fingers on each hand and six toes on each foot—twenty-four in all! He too was a descendant of Rapha. 7 When he taunted Israel, Jonathan son of Shimea,[ao] David’s brother, killed him.
8 These were the descendants of Rapha who lived in Gath; they were killed[ap] by the hand of David and his soldiers.[aq]
The Lord Sends a Plague against Israel
21 An adversary[ar] opposed[as] Israel, inciting David to count how many warriors Israel had.[at] 2 David told Joab and the leaders of the army,[au] “Go, count the number of warriors[av] from Beer Sheba to Dan. Then bring back a report to me so I may know how many we have.”[aw] 3 Joab replied, “May the Lord make his army[ax] a hundred times larger! My master, O king, do not all of them serve my master? Why does my master want to do this? Why bring judgment on Israel?”[ay]
4 But the king’s edict stood, despite Joab’s objections.[az] So Joab left and traveled throughout Israel before returning to Jerusalem. 5 Joab reported to David the number of warriors.[ba] In all Israel there were 1,100,000 sword-wielding[bb] soldiers; Judah alone had 470,000 sword-wielding soldiers.[bc] 6 Now Joab[bd] did not number Levi and Benjamin, for the king’s edict disgusted him. 7 God was also offended by it,[be] so he attacked Israel.
8 David said to God, “I have sinned greatly by doing this! Now, please remove the guilt of your servant, for I have acted very foolishly.” 9 The Lord told Gad, David’s prophet,[bf] 10 “Go, tell David, ‘This is what the Lord says: “I am offering you three forms of judgment from which to choose. Pick one of them.”’”[bg] 11 Gad went to David and told him, “This is what the Lord says: ‘Pick one of these: 12 three[bh] years of famine, or three months being chased by your enemies and struck down by their swords,[bi] or three days being struck down by the Lord, during which a plague will invade the land and the angel of the Lord will destroy throughout Israel’s territory.’[bj] Now, decide what I should tell the one who sent me.” 13 David said to Gad, “I am very upset! I prefer to be attacked by the Lord, for his mercy is very great; I do not want to be attacked by men!”[bk] 14 So the Lord sent a plague through Israel, and 70,000 Israelite men died.
15 God sent an angel[bl] to ravage[bm] Jerusalem. As he was doing so,[bn] the Lord watched[bo] and relented from[bp] his judgment.[bq] He told the angel who was destroying, “That’s enough![br] Stop now!”[bs]
Now the angel of the Lord was standing near the threshing floor of Ornan[bt] the Jebusite. 16 David looked up and saw the angel of the Lord standing between the earth and sky with his sword drawn and in his hand, stretched out over Jerusalem. David and the leaders, covered with sackcloth, threw themselves down with their faces to the ground.[bu] 17 David said to God, “Was I not the one who decided to number the army? I am the one who sinned and committed this awful deed![bv] As for these sheep—what have they done? O Lord my God, attack me and my family,[bw] but remove the plague from your people!”[bx]
18 So the angel of the Lord told Gad to instruct David to go up and build[by] an altar for the Lord on the threshing floor of Ornan the Jebusite. 19 So David went up as Gad instructed him to do in the name of the Lord.[bz] 20 While Ornan was threshing wheat, he turned and saw the messenger, and he and his four sons hid themselves. 21 When David came to Ornan, Ornan looked and saw David; he came out from the threshing floor and bowed to David with his face[ca] to the ground. 22 David said to Ornan, “Sell me the threshing floor[cb] so I can build[cc] on it an altar for the Lord—I’ll pay top price[cd]—so that the plague may be removed[ce] from the people.” 23 Ornan told David, “You can have it![cf] My master, the king, may do what he wants.[cg] Look, I am giving you the oxen for burnt sacrifices, the threshing sledges for wood, and the wheat for an offering. I give it all to you.” 24 King David replied to Ornan, “No, I insist on buying it for top price.[ch] I will not offer to the Lord what belongs to you or offer a burnt sacrifice[ci] that cost me nothing.[cj] 25 So David bought the place from Ornan for 600 pieces of gold.[ck] 26 David built there an altar to the Lord and offered burnt sacrifices and peace offerings.[cl] He called out to the Lord, and the Lord[cm] responded by sending fire from the sky and consuming the burnt sacrifice on the altar. 27 The Lord ordered the messenger[cn] to put his sword back into its sheath.
28 At that time, when David saw that the Lord responded to him at the threshing floor of Ornan the Jebusite, he sacrificed there. 29 Now the Lord’s tabernacle (which Moses had made in the wilderness) and the altar for burnt sacrifices were at that time at the worship center[co] in Gibeon. 30 But David could not go before it to seek God’s will, for he was afraid of the sword of the angel of the Lord.
25 For circumcision[a] has its value if you practice the law, but[b] if you break the law,[c] your circumcision has become uncircumcision. 26 Therefore if the uncircumcised man obeys[d] the righteous requirements of the law, will not his uncircumcision be regarded as circumcision? 27 And the physically uncircumcised man,[e] by keeping the law, will judge you to be the transgressor of the law, even though[f] you have the letter[g] and circumcision! 28 For a person is not a Jew who is one outwardly, nor is circumcision something that is outward in the flesh, 29 but someone is a Jew who is one inwardly, and circumcision is of the heart[h] by the Spirit[i] and not by the letter.[j] This person’s[k] praise is not from people but from God.
3 Therefore what advantage does the Jew have, or what is the value of circumcision? 2 Actually, there are many advantages.[l] First of all,[m] the Jews[n] were entrusted with the oracles of God.[o] 3 What then? If some were unfaithful, their unfaithfulness will not nullify God’s faithfulness, will it? 4 Absolutely not! Let God be proven true, and every human being[p] shown up as a liar,[q] just as it is written: “so that you will be justified[r] in your words and will prevail when you are judged.”[s]
5 But if our unrighteousness demonstrates[t] the righteousness of God, what shall we say? The God who inflicts wrath is not unrighteous, is he? (I am speaking in human terms.)[u] 6 Absolutely not! For otherwise how could God judge the world? 7 For if by my lie the truth of God enhances[v] his glory, why am I still actually being judged as a sinner? 8 And why not say, “Let us do evil so that good may come of it”?—as some who slander us allege that we say.[w] (Their[x] condemnation is deserved!)
Psalm 11[a]
For the music director, by David.
11 In the Lord I have taken shelter.[b]
How can you say to me,[c]
“Flee to a mountain like a bird.[d]
2 For look, the wicked[e] prepare[f] their bows,[g]
they put their arrows on the strings,
to shoot in the darkness[h] at the morally upright.[i]
3 When the foundations[j] are destroyed,
what can the godly[k] accomplish?”[l]
4 The Lord is in his holy temple;[m]
the Lord’s throne is in heaven.[n]
His eyes[o] watch;[p]
his eyes[q] examine[r] all people.[s]
5 The Lord approves of[t] the godly,[u]
but he[v] hates[w] the wicked and those who love to do violence.[x]
6 May he rain down[y] burning coals[z] and brimstone[aa] on the wicked!
A whirlwind is what they deserve.[ab]
7 Certainly[ac] the Lord is just;[ad]
he rewards godly deeds.[ae]
The upright will experience his favor.[af]
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