1:12 drove him. The verb “drove” is strong, giving the idea of divine and scriptural necessity. The Spirit is driving Jesus out into the “wilderness,” just as Israel, called “son” (Ex. 4:23) and “baptized into Moses . . . in the sea” (1 Cor. 10:2; cf. Ex. 14:13–31), was led by the Spirit in the pillars of cloud and fire (Ex. 14:19, 20) along the path of wilderness testing.