ESV Reformation Study Bible – 2 Thess 1:6
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2 Thess 1:6

1:6 repay with affliction. In Rom. 2:9 the same Greek word for “tribulation” (trouble) is used for the woe brought upon evildoers at the Last Judgment. Paul appears to be speaking of the same judgment here, as the next verses are concerned with ultimate bliss and woe.