4:8 Paul claims divine authority, not merely for his spoken proclamation, but for his written instructions as well (see also 5:27).

gives his Holy Spirit. Paul pointedly reminds them of their renewed capacities for holiness resulting from God’s continual endowment of the Holy Spirit who dwells within them (1 Cor. 6:19; Gal. 3:5). The construction in Greek emphasizes the term “Holy,” which is especially fitting in this context.