UPPER ROOM (ἀναγαιον “room upstairs”) used only in the descriptions of the Last Supper (Mark 14:15; Luke 22:12). There is a variant form in both references, ἀνώγεον. The term is rare and confined to the Hel. age. The term may be a compound of the phrase, ἀνὰ̀ τὴ̀ν γῆν, “above the ground.” Large upper rooms with outside and inside staircases above the noise and bustle of the city are mentioned as an architectural feature of Palestinian houses in the OT Heb. עֲלִיָּה, H6608, “upper room” (2 Kings 1:2, et al.). In the narrative of Acts another room is mentioned (ὑπερῷον, G5673, the neuter substantive of the common Gr. ὑπερῷος, “under the roof,” “upstairs”). It is this term which the LXX uses to render Heb. עֲלִיָּה, H6608, in the OT. Since Luke does not use this term for the room of the “last supper,” it is very doubtful that it is the room in which the disciples prayed and in which they received the sermon of Peter and chose Matthias to take the place of Judas (Acts 1:13). There is no evidence in the text to support either the notion that this was the same room where the disciples received the Holy Ghost on Pentecost, or that it was the room of the last supper. There is in fact quite a bit of evidence to the contrary. The present Cenacle, Lat. coenaculum, adjacent to the Benedictine Monastery in the Old City of Jerusalem (Lat. Dormition Sanctae Mariae), dates from the Medieval period. Although the grave below it traditionally called the Tomb of King David was identified as early as Rabbi Benjamin of Tudela (c. a.d. 1173), nothing is said of this being the location of the “upper room” until a later period. Although Epiphanius (a.d. 315 ? - 403) mentions that the Rom. emperor Hadrian visited the building of the “upper room” in a.d. 135, there is no report of it afterward until the high Middle Ages. The church, later a mosque and now again a church, in which the Cenacle is housed, dates from the 14th cent. a.d.