CHAFF, four Heb. words and one Gr. word are so tr. in the KJV while the same words are tr. by other terms than “chaff” elsewhere in both the KJV and the RSV. The most common in the OT is Heb. מֹץ, H5161, the term for the dry hulls of various cereal grains separated and blown away by the wind in winnowing grain (Job 21:18; Ps 1:4, et al.). However Heb. חֲשַׁשׁ, H3143, “straw” (Isa 5:24 et al.); Heb. תֶּ֫בֶן, H9320, “straw,” a common E Sem. root (Jer 23:28 only); Aram., Heb. עוּר, H10534, “chaff,” particle of dust (Dan 2:35 only) all are used in the fig. sense to represent the evil nations condemned by God. This usage is carried over into the NT where Christ is often portrayed as the final winnower or gleaner who will in judgment dismiss the wicked as chaff. The Gr. ἄχυρον, G949, “chaff” is the common term used.