BETHER be’ thər (בָֽתֶר, meaning unknown, but possibly a contraction of בֵת הַר, house of the mountain; LXX Βαιθής; Talmud בִּיתֵּר in Neubauer, Geogr.d.Tal., 103; Βαθθηρα in Eusebius, H.E. IV, 6).

“The mountains of Bether” are found only in one OT passage: Song of Solomon 2:17. Whether this reference actually refers to the city of Bether is doubtful and many take it to be a plant-name or something like Song of Solomon 8:14, “mountains of spices.” The LXX^A of Joshua 15:59a reads Βαιθηρ and LXX^A of 1 Chronicles 6:59 (H.44) reads Βαιθθηρ, the city now identified with Kirbet el-Yehudiyeh, SW of Bittir which preserves the ancient name of the city. Bittir is seven m. SW of Jerusalem. Some detect the name of “Bether” in the reading of 3 Esd 5:17 Βαιτηρους. While the two following names (Bethlehem and Netophah) fit the area, J. Simons feels that Βαιτηρους is a scribal error for Γαβηρους “Gibbār.”

Bether is most famous as the site where Bar Kochba with the Jews made their last stand against Hadrian in a.d. 135 resulting in their being massacred.

Bibliography J. Simons, Geographical & Topographical Texts of OT, 151, 204, 379, 536; W. D. Carroll, “Bittir and Its Archaeological Remains,” AASOR V (1924-25), 77-104