AMRAPHEL ăm’ rə fĕl (אַמְרָפֶ֣ל, LXX ̓Αμραφαλ; meaning unknown). A member of a league of four kings (Chedorlaomer, king of Elam; Tidal, king of Goiim; Amraphel, king of Shinar; Arioch, king of Ellasar) which did battle with an opposing league of Palestinian kings (of Sodom, Gomorrah, Admah, Zeboiim and Bela) and defeated them (Gen 14). The head of the eastern league was Chedorlaomer, king of Elam. Although identifications of several of these kings have been suggested (Amraphel = hammurabi of Babylon, Tidal = tudhaliya I of Hatti, etc.), acceptance of these identifications has been quite limited. Difficulties are of two types: (1) Phonological. The Heb. consonants ’mrpl need to be distorted or altered in order to fit the most likely pronunciation of the name Hammurabi (’mrp). (2) Chronological. All rulers identified with the Biblical names should be contemporaries of each other and of Abram the Heb. (19th or 18th cent. b.c.).